©2025 London Stock Exchange Group PLC and its applicable group businesses (“LSEG”). LSEGs include (1) FTSE International Limited (“FTSE”), (2) Frank Russell Company (“Russell”), (3) FTSE Global Debent Capital Markets Inc. and FTSE Global Debent Capital Markets Limited (“FTSE Canada”), (4) FTSE Bonds Europe Limited (“FTSE FI” (Beijing) Consulting Limited (“Wofe”) (7) Refinitiv Benchmark Services (UK) Limited (“RBSL”), (8) Refinitiv Limited (“RL”), (9) Beyond Ratings SAS (“BR”) (“RL”). Unauthorized reproduction is prohibited.
FTSERussell® is the transaction names for FTSE, Russell, FTSE Canada, FTSE FI, FTSE FI Europe, WOFE, RBSL, RL, and BR. “FTSE®”, “Russell®”, “FTSERussell®”, “FTSE4GOOD®”, “ICB®”, “Refinitiv”, “BeyondRatings®”, “WMR™”, “FR™”, and “FR™”, and all other trademarks and service marks (registered or registered merchandise) used herein are registered merchant and service marks and service marks. FTSE, Russell, FTSE Canada, FTSE FI, FTSE FI Europe, RBSL, RL or BR are owned or used under license. FTSE International Limited is approved and regulated by financial conduct authorities as benchmark managers. Refinitiv Benchmark Services (UK) Limited is approved and regulated by the Financial Conduct Authority as a benchmark manager.
All information is provided with informational information alone. All information and data contained in this publication are obtained by LSEG from sources considered accurate and reliable. However, due to the potential for human and mechanical inaccuracies as well as other factors, such information and data are provided “as is” without warranty of any kind. No LSEG members, their respective directors, officers, employees, partners or licensors have any claims, forecasts, warranties or representations, express or implied, as to the results obtained from the use of a product obtained from the use of LSE, such as accuracy, timeliness, completeness, merchantability, merchantability of LSEG products, or use of products obtained from the use of LSE, express or implied. For the specific purposes they may be placed. Users of the Information assume the entire risk of use that may create or allow information.
No responsibility or liability may be accepted by any member of LSEG or by any member of their respective directors, officers, employees, partners or licensors. (b) whether direct, indirect, special, consequential or incidental damages, even if this document or link to this document, or (b) a member of the LSEG has been advised prior to the use or possibility of unavailability of such information.
No LSEG members or their respective directors, officers, employees, partners or licensors provide investment advice and this document does not deem to constitute financial or investment advice. Neither the members of LSEG nor their respective directors, officers, employees, partners or licensors represent any claims to invest in the assets or whether such investments create legal or compliance risks for the investors. Decisions to invest in such assets should not be made in accordance with the information provided herein. Indexes and fees cannot be directly invested. Including assets in an index or rate does not encourage certain investors to purchase, sell or hold assets that may legally buy or sell or hold an index or fee containing the assets. The general information contained in this publication should not act without obtaining specific legal, tax, or investment advice from licensed professionals.
Past performance does not guarantee future results. Charts and graphs are provided for illustrative purposes only. The indexes and/or rate returns shown may not represent the actual results of trading of the investable assets. The specific returns shown may reflect backtested performance. All performances presented before the index or rate start date are backtested performance. The backtested performance is not actual performance, but it is a hypothetical. The backtest calculations are based on the same methodology that took effect when the index or rate was officially launched. However, backtested data may reflect the application of index or rate methodologies with the advantages of hindsight, and historical calculations of index or rates may vary from month to month based on revisions to the underlying economic data used in index or rate calculations.
This document may contain forward-looking ratings. These are based on many assumptions about future conditions that may ultimately prove to be inaccurate. Such future prospect assessments may be affected by risks and uncertainties and may be influenced by a variety of factors that may differ materially in actual results. LSEG members or their licensors do not assume or wear any obligation to update their forward-looking ratings.
Part of this information may not be reproduced or stored in any form or in any way, electronic, mechanical, copy, record or other form without the prior written permission of the applicable LSEG members. Use and distribution of LSEG data requires a license from LSEG and/or its licensors.